Inqubekelaphambili Yomsebenzi

Inqubo Yokukhiqiza I-graphite Enwebekayo

I-Chemical Oxidation

Indlela ye-Chemical oxidation iyindlela yendabuko yokulungiselela igraphite enwebekayo. Kule ndlela, i-graphite ye-flake yemvelo ixubene ne-oxidant efanele kanye ne-ejenti ehlanganayo, elawulwa ezingeni lokushisa elithile, inyakaziswa njalo, futhi igezwe, ihlungwe futhi yomiswe ukuze kutholakale i-graphite enwebekayo. Indlela ye-Chemical oxidation isiphenduke indlela evuthiwe embonini enezinzuzo zemishini elula, ukusebenza okulula kanye nezindleko eziphansi.

Izinyathelo zenqubo ye-oxidation yamakhemikhali zihlanganisa i-oxidation kanye ne-intercalation.I-oxidation ye-graphite yisimo esiyisisekelo sokwakheka kwegraphite enwebekayo, ngoba ukuthi ukusabela kwe-intercalation kungaqhubeka kahle kuncike ezingeni lokuvula phakathi kwezingqimba ze-graphite.Futhi i-graphite yemvelo ekamelweni izinga lokushisa linokuqina okuhle kakhulu kanye nokumelana ne-asidi kanye ne-alkali, ngakho-ke akusabeli nge-asidi ne-alkali, ngakho-ke, ukungezwa kwe-oxidant sekuyingxenye ebalulekile edingekayo ku-oxidation yamakhemikhali.

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-oxidants, ama-oxidants asetshenziswa ngokuvamile ama-oxidants aqinile (njenge-potassium permanganate, i-potassium dichromate, i-chromium trioxide, i-potassium chlorate, njll.), futhi ingaba ezinye oxidants oxidizing liquid (njenge-hydrogen peroxide, i-nitric acid, njll. ). Kutholakala eminyakeni yamuva nje ukuthi i-potassium permanganate iyi-oxidant eyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukulungisa i-graphite enwebekayo.

Ngaphansi kwesenzo se-oxidizer, i-graphite i-oxidized futhi ama-macromolecules enethiwekhi angathathi hlangothi kungqimba lwe-graphite abe ama-macromolecule apulani ane-charge enhle. Ngenxa yomphumela onyanyekayo wokushaja okufanayo okuhle, ibanga phakathi kwezingqimba zegraphite liyakhula, okunikeza isiteshi nesikhala ukuze i-intercalator ingene ungqimba lwegraphite ngokushelela. Enqubweni yokulungiselela i-graphite enwebekayo, i-agent intercalating ikakhulukazi i-asidi. Eminyakeni yamuva, abacwaningi ikakhulukazi basebenzisa i-sulfuric acid, i-nitric acid, i-phosphoric acid, i-perchloric acid, i-acid exutshwe ne-glacial acetic acid.

I-Chemical-oxidation

Indlela ye-Electrochemical

Indlela ye-Electrochemical isendaweni yamanje engaguquki, enesixazululo esinamanzi sokufaka njenge-electrolyte, igraphite nezinto zensimbi (impahla yensimbi engagqwali, iplatinum, ipuleti lomthofu, ipuleti le-titanium, njll.) yakha i-anode eyinhlanganisela, izinto zensimbi ezifakwe ku- i-electrolyte njenge-cathode, eyenza i-loop evaliwe; Noma i-graphite imisiwe electrolyte, ku electrolyte ngesikhathi esifanayo efakwe ipuleti negative futhi positive, ngokusebenzisa electrode ezimbili kukhona amandla indlela, oxidation anodic. Ingaphezulu le-graphite lifakwe i-oxidized ku-carbocation. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngaphansi kwesenzo esihlanganisiwe sokukhanga kwe-electrostatic kanye nokusabalalisa umehluko wokuhlushwa, ama-ion e-asidi noma amanye ama-ion we-polar intercalant ashunyekiwe phakathi kwezingqimba zegraphite ukuze kwakheke igraphite enwebekayo.
Uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela ye-chemical oxidation, indlela ye-electrochemical yokulungiswa kwegraphite enwebekayo kuyo yonke inqubo ngaphandle kokusebenzisa i-oxidant, inani lokwelashwa likhulu, inani elisele lezinto ezigqwalayo lincane, i-electrolyte ingaphinde isetshenziswe ngemva kokusabela, inani le-asidi liyancishiswa, izindleko zigcinwa, ukungcoliswa kwemvelo kuyancipha, umonakalo emishinini uphansi, futhi ukuphila kwesevisi kuyanwetshwa. amabhizinisi amaningi anezinzuzo eziningi.

Indlela Yokusabalalisa Isigaba Segesi (Indlela Yezingxenye Ezimbili)

Indlela yokusabalalisa kwesigaba segesi iwukukhiqiza i-graphite enwebekayo ngokuthintana ne-intercalator ene-graphite ngendlela yegesi kanye nokusabela okuhlanganayo. Ngokuvamile, i-graphite nokufakwayo kubekwa kuzo zombili iziphetho ze-reactor yengilazi ekwazi ukumelana nokushisa, futhi i-vacuum iyampontshwa futhi ivaliwe, ngakho-ke yaziwa nangokuthi indlela yamakamelo amabili.Le ndlela ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-halide -EG kanye ne-alkali metal -EG embonini.
Izinzuzo: ukwakheka nokuhleleka kwe-reactor kungalawulwa, futhi ama-reactants nemikhiqizo kungahlukaniswa kalula.
Ukungalungi: idivayisi yokusabela iyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, ukusebenza kunzima kakhulu, ngakho-ke okukhiphayo kunomkhawulo, futhi ukusabela okufanele kwenziwe ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa okuphezulu, isikhathi side, futhi izimo zokusabela ziphakeme kakhulu, indawo yokulungiselela kufanele kube i-vacuum, ngakho-ke izindleko zokukhiqiza ziphakeme kakhulu, azifanele izicelo zokukhiqiza ezinkulu.

Indlela Yesigaba Samanzi Esixubile

Indlela yesigaba se-liquid exubile iwukuxuba ngokuqondile izinto ezifakiwe negraphite, ngaphansi kokuvikelwa kokuhamba kwegesi engasebenzi noma isistimu yokuvala ukusabela kokushisa ukuze kulungiswe igraphite enwebekayo. Ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kwe-alkali metal-graphite interlaminar compounds (GICs).
Izinzuzo: Inqubo yokusabela ilula, ijubane lokusabela liyashesha, ngokushintsha isilinganiso sezinto ezibonakalayo zegraphite kanye nokufaka kungafinyelela isakhiwo esithile kanye nokwakheka kwegraphite enwebekayo, efanelekile kakhulu ekukhiqizeni okuningi.
Ukungalungi: Umkhiqizo owenziwe awuzinzile, kunzima ukubhekana nempahla efakiwe yamahhala enamathiselwe ebusweni be-GICs, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwama-graphite interlamellar compounds lapho inani elikhulu le-synthesis.

I-Mixed-liquid-phase-method

Indlela yokuncibilika

Indlela yokuncibilika iwukuhlanganisa i-graphite ne-intercalating material kanye nokushisa ukuze kulungiswe igraphite enwebekayo.Ngokusekelwe eqinisweni lokuthi izingxenye ze-eutectic zingehlisa indawo yokuncibilika yesistimu (ngezansi kwendawo yokuncibilika yengxenye ngayinye), kuyindlela yokulungisa ama-GIC we-ternary noma ama-multicomponent ngokufaka izinto ezimbili noma ngaphezulu (okumele zikwazi ukwenza uhlelo lukasawoti oluncibilikisiwe) phakathi kwezingqimba ze-graphite ngesikhathi esisodwa.Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekulungiseni ama-chloride ensimbi - ama-GIC.
Izinzuzo: Umkhiqizo we-synthesis unokusimama okuhle, ukugeza kalula, idivayisi yokusabela elula, izinga lokushisa eliphansi lokusabela, isikhathi esifushane, elifanele ukukhiqizwa okukhulu.
Ukungalungi: kunzima ukulawula ukwakheka kwe-oda nokwakheka komkhiqizo enqubweni yokusabela, futhi kunzima ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kwesakhiwo se-oda kanye nokwakheka komkhiqizo ekuhlanganiseni okuningi.

Indlela Yokucindezela

Indlela ecindezelwe iwukuxuba i-graphite matrix nensimbi ye-alkaline yomhlaba kanye nempushana yensimbi yomhlaba engavamile futhi isabele ukukhiqiza i-M-GICS ngaphansi kwezimo ezicindezelayo.
Ukungalungi: Kuphela lapho umfutho we-vapor wensimbi udlula umkhawulo othile, ukusabela kokufaka kungenziwa; Kodwa-ke, izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, kulula ukwenza insimbi ne-graphite yakhe i-carbides, ukusabela okungalungile, ngakho-ke izinga lokushisa lokusabela kufanele lilawulwe ebangeni elithile.Izinga lokushisa lokufakwa kwezinsimbi zomhlaba ezingavamile liphezulu kakhulu, ngakho-ke ukucindezela kufanele kusetshenziswe yehlisa izinga lokushisa lokusabela.Le ndlela ifanele ukulungiswa kwensimbi-GICS enephuzu elincibilikayo eliphansi, kodwa idivayisi iyinkimbinkimbi futhi izidingo zokusebenza ziqinile, ngakho-ke ayisasetshenziswa manje.

Indlela Yokuqhuma

Indlela yokuqhuma ngokuvamile isebenzisa i-graphite ne-ejenti yokunweba efana ne-KClO4, Mg(ClO4)2·nH2O, Zn(NO3)2·nH2O pyropyros noma izingxube ezilungisiwe, lapho ishiswa, i-graphite izoba kanyekanye i-oxidation kanye ne-intercalation reaction reaction cambium compound, okuyilapho ke. yandiswe ngendlela "eqhumayo", ngaleyo ndlela ithola i-graphite eyandisiwe.Lapho usawoti wensimbi usetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokwandisa, umkhiqizo uyinkimbinkimbi, ongagcini nje ngokunwetshwa kwe-graphite, kodwa futhi nensimbi.

Indlela yokuqhuma