Ngokuqondene nokutholakala nokusetshenziswa kwe-flake graphite, kunecala elibhalwe kahle, lapho incwadi ethi Shuijing Zhu ingeyokuqala, eyathi “kunentaba yegraphite eceleni koMfula iLuoshui”. Amatshe amnyama wonke, ngakho izincwadi zingaba zincane, ngakho zidume nge-graphite yazo. ” Okutholwe ngemivubukulo kubonisa ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-3,000 edlule oBukhosini BamaShang, iShayina yasebenzisa i-graphite ukuze ibhale izinhlamvu, ezahlala kwaze kwaba sekupheleni koBukhosi BaseMpumalanga Han (AD 220). I-graphite njengoyinki wencwadi yathathelwa indawo uyinki kagwayi kaphayini. Ngesikhathi se-Daoguang ye-Qing Dynasty (AD 1821-1850), abalimi base-Chenzhou, eSifundazweni sase-Hunan bemba i-flake graphite njengophethiloli, owawubizwa ngokuthi “ikhabhoni yamafutha”.
Igama lesiNgisi elithi Graphite livela egameni lesiGreki elithi "graphite in", okusho ukuthi "ukubhala". Yaqanjwa ngusokhemisi waseJalimane kanye nesazi semineralogist u-AGWerner ngo-1789.
I-molecular formula ye-flake graphite ingu-C futhi isisindo sayo se-molecular yi-12.01. I-graphite yemvelo iyinsimbi emnyama ne-steel grey, enemigqa emnyama ekhanyayo, i-metallic luster kanye ne-opacity. Ikristalu ingeyesigaba samakristalu angama-hexagonal biconical ayinkimbinkimbi, angamakristalu amapuleti angama-hexagonal. Amafomu ajwayelekile e-simplex ahlanganisa amakholomu anamacala amabili ahambisanayo, ane-hexagonal biconical kanye ne-hexagonal, kodwa ifomu lekristalu eliqinile alivamile, futhi ngokuvamile linescaly noma umumo wepuleti. Amapharamitha: a0=0.246nm, c0=0.670nm Isakhiwo esinezingqimba esijwayelekile, lapho ama-athomu ekhabhoni ahlelwa abe yizingqimba, futhi ikhabhoni ngayinye ixhumeke ngokulinganayo nekhabhoni eseduze, futhi ikhabhoni kungqimba ngalunye ihlelwe ngendandatho ene-hexagonal. Amaringi ekhabhoni anezinhlangothi ezine ezingqimbeni eziseduze ezingenhla nezingaphansi asuswa ngokulinganayo endaweni ehambisana nendiza yemeshi abese enqwabelaniswa ukuze akhe isakhiwo esinezingqimba. Izikhombisi-ndlela ezihlukene kanye namabanga okufuduka aholela ezakhiweni ezihlukene ze-polymorphic. Ibanga eliphakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni ezingqimbeni ezingaphezulu nezingaphansi likhulu kakhulu kunalelo eliphakathi kwama-athomu ekhabhoni esendlaleni efanayo (isikhala se-CC kumaleya =0.142nm, isikhala se-CC phakathi kwezingqimba =0.340nm). 2.09-2.23 amandla adonsela phansi athile kanye nendawo engaphezulu engu-5-10m2/g ethile. Ubulukhuni buyi-anisotropic, indiza eqondile i-cleavage ingu-3-5, futhi indiza ye-cleavage ehambisanayo ingu-1-2. Ama-aggregate avame ukuba nama-scaly, amaqhubu futhi anomhlaba. I-graphite flake ine-conductivity enhle kagesi kanye ne-thermal. Ama-mineral flakes ngokuvamile ane-opaque ngaphansi kokukhanya okudlulisiwe, ama-flakes azacile kakhulu anombala oluhlaza okotshani ngokukhanyayo, uniaxial, anenkomba ekhanyayo engu-1.93 ~ 2.07. Ngaphansi kokukhanya okuveziwe, anombala onsundu ngokukhanyayo, anombala okhanyayo okhanyayo, Ro grey onsundu, Re dark blue grey, reflectivity Ro23 (red), Re5.5 (red), umbala okhanyayo osobala kanye nokubonakala okukabili, i-heterogeneity eqinile kanye ne-polarization. . Izici zokuhlonza: insimbi emnyama, ubulukhuni obuphansi, iqembu le-cleavage ephelele ngokwedlulele, ukuguquguquka, umuzwa oshelelayo, izandla ezigcotshwa kalula. Uma izinhlayiya ze-zinc ezimanziswe yisisombululo se-copper sulfate zibekwe ku-graphite, izindawo zethusi zensimbi zingancipha, kuyilapho i-molybdenite efana nayo ayinakho ukusabela okunjalo.
I-graphite iyi-allotrope ye-elemental carbon (ezinye i-allotropes zihlanganisa idayimane, i-carbon 60, i-carbon nanotubes ne-graphene), futhi umngcele we-athomu ye-carbon ngayinye ixhunywe namanye ama-athomu e-carbon amathathu (ubuningi bamaheksagoni ahlelwe ngendlela yekhekhe lezinyosi) ukuze akhe i-covalent. ama-molecule. Njengoba i-athomu ngayinye yekhabhoni ikhipha i-electron, lawo ma-electron angakwazi ukuhamba ngokukhululeka, ngakho i-flake graphite iyikhondatha kagesi. Indiza ye-cleavage ibuswa izibopho zamangqamuzana, ezinokukhanga okubuthakathaka kuma-molecule, ngakho ukuntanta kwayo kwemvelo kuhle kakhulu. Ngenxa yemodi ekhethekile yokubopha ye-flake graphite, asikwazi ukucabanga ukuthi i-flake graphite iyikristalu eyodwa noma i-polycrystal. Manje ngokuvamile kubhekwa ukuthi i-flake graphite iwuhlobo lwekristalu exubile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-04-2022